Source code for botorch.test_functions.multi_objective

#! /usr/bin/env python3
# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
#
# This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.

r"""
Multi-objective optimization benchmark problems.

References

.. [Daulton2022]
    S. Daulton, S. Cakmak, M. Balandat, M. A. Osborne, E. Zhou, and E. Bakshy.
    Robust Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization Under Input Noise. 2022.

.. [Deb2005dtlz]
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    R. Goldberg. Scalable test problems for evolutionary multi-objective
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    pp. 105-145, 2005.

.. [Deb2005robust]
    K. Deb and H. Gupta. Searching for Robust Pareto-Optimal Solutions in
    Multi-objective Optimization. Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization,
    Springer-Berlin, pp. 150-164, 2005.

.. [Frohlich2020]
    L. Frohlich, E. Klenske, J. Vinogradska, C. Daniel, and M. Zeilinger.
    Noisy-Input Entropy Search for Efficient Robust Bayesian Optimization.
    Proceedings of the Twenty Third International Conference on Artificial
    Intelligence and Statistics, PMLR 108:2262-2272, 2020.

.. [GarridoMerchan2020]
    E. C. Garrido-Merch ́an and D. Hern ́andez-Lobato. Parallel Predictive Entropy
    Search for Multi-objective Bayesian Optimization with Constraints.
    arXiv e-prints, arXiv:2004.00601, Apr. 2020.

.. [Gelbart2014]
    Michael A. Gelbart, Jasper Snoek, and Ryan P. Adams. 2014. Bayesian
    optimization with unknown constraints. In Proceedings of the Thirtieth
    Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI’14).
    AUAI Press, Arlington, Virginia, USA, 250–259.

.. [Liang2021]
    Q. Liang and L. Lai, Scalable Bayesian Optimization Accelerates Process
    Optimization of Penicillin Production. NeurIPS 2021 AI for Science Workshop, 2021.

.. [Ma2019]
    Z. Ma and Y. Wang. Evolutionary Constrained Multiobjective Optimization:
    Test Suite Construction and Performance Comparisons. IEEE Transactions
    on Evolutionary Computation, 23(6):972–986, December 2019.

.. [Oszycka1995]
    A. Osyczka and S. Kundu. A new method to solve generalized
    multicriteria optimization problems using the simple genetic algorithm.
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.. [Tanabe2020]
    Ryoji Tanabe and Hisao Ishibuchi. An easy-to-use real-world multi-objective
    optimization problem suite, Applied Soft Computing,Volume 89, 2020.

.. [Yang2019a]
    K. Yang, M. Emmerich, A. Deutz, and T. Bäck. Multi-Objective Bayesian
    Global Optimization using expected hypervolume improvement gradient.
    Swarm and evolutionary computation 44, pp. 945--956, 2019.

.. [Zitzler2000]
    E. Zitzler, K. Deb, and L. Thiele. Comparison of multiobjective
    evolutionary algorithms: Empirical results. Evolutionary Computation, vol.
    8, no. 2,pp. 173–195, 2000.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import math
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from math import pi
from typing import Optional

import torch
from botorch.exceptions.errors import UnsupportedError
from botorch.test_functions.base import (
    ConstrainedBaseTestProblem,
    MultiObjectiveTestProblem,
)
from botorch.test_functions.synthetic import Branin, Levy
from botorch.utils.sampling import sample_hypersphere, sample_simplex
from botorch.utils.transforms import unnormalize
from scipy.special import gamma
from torch import Tensor
from torch.distributions import MultivariateNormal


[docs]class BraninCurrin(MultiObjectiveTestProblem): r"""Two objective problem composed of the Branin and Currin functions. Branin (rescaled): f(x) = ( 15*x_1 - 5.1 * (15 * x_0 - 5) ** 2 / (4 * pi ** 2) + 5 * (15 * x_0 - 5) / pi - 5 ) ** 2 + (10 - 10 / (8 * pi)) * cos(15 * x_0 - 5)) Currin: f(x) = (1 - exp(-1 / (2 * x_1))) * ( 2300 * x_0 ** 3 + 1900 * x_0 ** 2 + 2092 * x_0 + 60 ) / 100 * x_0 ** 3 + 500 * x_0 ** 2 + 4 * x_0 + 20 """ dim = 2 num_objectives = 2 _bounds = [(0.0, 1.0), (0.0, 1.0)] _ref_point = [18.0, 6.0] _max_hv = 59.36011874867746 # this is approximated using NSGA-II def __init__(self, noise_std: Optional[float] = None, negate: bool = False) -> None: r"""Constructor for Branin-Currin. Args: noise_std: Standard deviation of the observation noise. negate: If True, negate the objectives. """ super().__init__(noise_std=noise_std, negate=negate) self._branin = Branin() def _rescaled_branin(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: # return to Branin bounds x_0 = 15 * X[..., 0] - 5 x_1 = 15 * X[..., 1] return self._branin(torch.stack([x_0, x_1], dim=-1)) @staticmethod def _currin(X: Tensor) -> Tensor: x_0 = X[..., 0] x_1 = X[..., 1] factor1 = 1 - torch.exp(-1 / (2 * x_1)) numer = 2300 * x_0.pow(3) + 1900 * x_0.pow(2) + 2092 * x_0 + 60 denom = 100 * x_0.pow(3) + 500 * x_0.pow(2) + 4 * x_0 + 20 return factor1 * numer / denom
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: # branin rescaled with inputsto [0,1]^2 branin = self._rescaled_branin(X=X) currin = self._currin(X=X) return torch.stack([branin, currin], dim=-1)
[docs]class DH(MultiObjectiveTestProblem, ABC): r"""Base class for DH problems for robust multi-objective optimization. In their paper, [Deb2005robust]_ consider these problems under a mean-robustness setting, and use uniformly distributed input perturbations from the box with edge lengths `delta_0 = delta`, `delta_i = 2 * delta, i > 0`, with `delta` ranging up to `0.01` for DH1 and DH2, and `delta = 0.03` for DH3 and DH4. These are d-dimensional problems with two objectives: f_0(x) = x_0 f_1(x) = h(x) + g(x) * S(x) for DH1 and DH2 f_1(x) = h(x) * (g(x) + S(x)) for DH3 and DH4 The goal is to minimize both objectives. See [Deb2005robust]_ for more details on DH. The reference points were set using `infer_reference_point`. """ num_objectives = 2 _ref_point: float = [1.1, 1.1] _x_1_lb: float _area_under_curve: float _min_dim: int def __init__( self, dim: int, noise_std: Optional[float] = None, negate: bool = False, ) -> None: if dim < self._min_dim: raise ValueError(f"dim must be >= {self._min_dim}, but got dim={dim}!") self.dim = dim self._bounds = [(0.0, 1.0), (self._x_1_lb, 1.0)] + [ (-1.0, 1.0) for _ in range(dim - 2) ] # max_hv is the area of the box minus the area of the curve formed by the PF. self._max_hv = self._ref_point[0] * self._ref_point[1] - self._area_under_curve super().__init__(noise_std=noise_std, negate=negate) @abstractmethod def _h(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: pass # pragma: no cover @abstractmethod def _g(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: pass # pragma: no cover @abstractmethod def _S(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: pass # pragma: no cover
[docs]class DH1(DH): r"""DH1 test problem. d-dimensional problem evaluated on `[0, 1] x [-1, 1]^{d-1}`: f_0(x) = x_0 f_1(x) = h(x_0) + g(x) * S(x_0) h(x_0) = 1 - x_0^2 g(x) = \sum_{i=1}^{d-1} (10 + x_i^2 - 10 * cos(4 * pi * x_i)) S(x_0) = alpha / (0.2 + x_0) + beta * x_0^2 where alpha = 1 and beta = 1. The Pareto front corresponds to the equation `f_1 = 1 - f_0^2`, and it is found at `x_i = 0` for `i > 0` and any value of `x_0` in `(0, 1]`. """ alpha = 1.0 beta = 1.0 _x_1_lb = -1.0 _area_under_curve = 2.0 / 3.0 _min_dim = 2 def _h(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: return 1 - X[..., 0].pow(2) def _g(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: x_1_to = X[..., 1:] return torch.sum( 10 + x_1_to.pow(2) - 10 * torch.cos(4 * math.pi * x_1_to), dim=-1, ) def _S(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: x_0 = X[..., 0] return self.alpha / (0.2 + x_0) + self.beta * x_0.pow(2)
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: f_0 = X[..., 0] # This may encounter 0 / 0, which we set to 0. f_1 = self._h(X) + torch.nan_to_num(self._g(X) * self._S(X)) return torch.stack([f_0, f_1], dim=-1)
[docs]class DH2(DH1): r"""DH2 test problem. This is identical to DH1 except for having `beta = 10.0`. """ beta = 10.0
[docs]class DH3(DH): r"""DH3 test problem. d-dimensional problem evaluated on `[0, 1]^2 x [-1, 1]^{d-2}`: f_0(x) = x_0 f_1(x) = h(x_1) * (g(x) + S(x_0)) h(x_1) = 2 - 0.8 * exp(-((x_1 - 0.35) / 0.25)^2) - exp(-((x_1 - 0.85) / 0.03)^2) g(x) = \sum_{i=2}^{d-1} (50 * x_i^2) S(x_0) = 1 - sqrt(x_0) The Pareto front is found at `x_i = 0` for `i > 1`. There's a local and a global Pareto front, which are found at `x_1 = 0.35` and `x_1 = 0.85`, respectively. The approximate relationships between the objectives at local and global Pareto fronts are given by `f_1 = 1.2 (1 - sqrt(f_0))` and `f_1 = 1 - f_0`, respectively. The specific values on the Pareto fronts can be found by varying `x_0`. """ _x_1_lb = 0.0 _area_under_curve = 0.328449169794718 _min_dim = 3 @staticmethod def _exp_args(x: Tensor) -> Tensor: exp_arg_1 = -((x - 0.35) / 0.25).pow(2) exp_arg_2 = -((x - 0.85) / 0.03).pow(2) return exp_arg_1, exp_arg_2 def _h(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: exp_arg_1, exp_arg_2 = self._exp_args(X[..., 1]) return 2 - 0.8 * torch.exp(exp_arg_1) - torch.exp(exp_arg_2) def _g(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: return 50 * X[..., 2:].pow(2).sum(dim=-1) def _S(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: return 1 - X[..., 0].sqrt()
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: f_0 = X[..., 0] f_1 = self._h(X) * (self._g(X) + self._S(X)) return torch.stack([f_0, f_1], dim=-1)
[docs]class DH4(DH3): r"""DH4 test problem. This is similar to DH3 except that it is evaluated on `[0, 1] x [-0.15, 1] x [-1, 1]^{d-2}` and: h(x_0, x_1) = 2 - x_0 - 0.8 * exp(-((x_0 + x_1 - 0.35) / 0.25)^2) - exp(-((x_0 + x_1 - 0.85) / 0.03)^2) The Pareto front is found at `x_i = 0` for `i > 2`, with the local one being near `x_0 + x_1 = 0.35` and the global one near `x_0 + x_1 = 0.85`. """ _x_1_lb = -0.15 _area_under_curve = 0.22845 def _h(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: exp_arg_1, exp_arg_2 = self._exp_args(X[..., :2].sum(dim=-1)) return 2 - X[..., 0] - 0.8 * torch.exp(exp_arg_1) - torch.exp(exp_arg_2)
[docs]class DTLZ(MultiObjectiveTestProblem): r"""Base class for DTLZ problems. See [Deb2005dtlz]_ for more details on DTLZ. """ def __init__( self, dim: int, num_objectives: int = 2, noise_std: Optional[float] = None, negate: bool = False, ) -> None: if dim <= num_objectives: raise ValueError( f"dim must be > num_objectives, but got {dim} and {num_objectives}." ) self.num_objectives = num_objectives self.dim = dim self.k = self.dim - self.num_objectives + 1 self._bounds = [(0.0, 1.0) for _ in range(self.dim)] self._ref_point = [self._ref_val for _ in range(num_objectives)] super().__init__(noise_std=noise_std, negate=negate)
[docs]class DTLZ1(DTLZ): r"""DLTZ1 test problem. d-dimensional problem evaluated on `[0, 1]^d`: f_0(x) = 0.5 * x_0 * (1 + g(x)) f_1(x) = 0.5 * (1 - x_0) * (1 + g(x)) g(x) = 100 * \sum_{i=m}^{d-1} ( k + (x_i - 0.5)^2 - cos(20 * pi * (x_i - 0.5)) ) where k = d - m + 1. The pareto front is given by the line (or hyperplane) \sum_i f_i(x) = 0.5. The goal is to minimize both objectives. The reference point comes from [Yang2019]_. """ _ref_val = 400.0 @property def _max_hv(self) -> float: return self._ref_val ** self.num_objectives - 1 / 2 ** self.num_objectives
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: X_m = X[..., -self.k :] X_m_minus_half = X_m - 0.5 sum_term = ( X_m_minus_half.pow(2) - torch.cos(20 * math.pi * X_m_minus_half) ).sum(dim=-1) g_X_m = 100 * (self.k + sum_term) g_X_m_term = 0.5 * (1 + g_X_m) fs = [] for i in range(self.num_objectives): idx = self.num_objectives - 1 - i f_i = g_X_m_term * X[..., :idx].prod(dim=-1) if i > 0: f_i *= 1 - X[..., idx] fs.append(f_i) return torch.stack(fs, dim=-1)
[docs] def gen_pareto_front(self, n: int) -> Tensor: r"""Generate `n` pareto optimal points. The pareto points randomly sampled from the hyperplane sum_i f(x_i) = 0.5. """ f_X = 0.5 * sample_simplex( n=n, d=self.num_objectives, qmc=True, dtype=self.ref_point.dtype, device=self.ref_point.device, ) if self.negate: f_X *= -1 return f_X
[docs]class DTLZ2(DTLZ): r"""DLTZ2 test problem. d-dimensional problem evaluated on `[0, 1]^d`: f_0(x) = (1 + g(x)) * cos(x_0 * pi / 2) f_1(x) = (1 + g(x)) * sin(x_0 * pi / 2) g(x) = \sum_{i=m}^{d-1} (x_i - 0.5)^2 The pareto front is given by the unit hypersphere \sum{i} f_i^2 = 1. Note: the pareto front is completely concave. The goal is to minimize both objectives. """ _ref_val = 1.1 @property def _max_hv(self) -> float: # hypercube - volume of hypersphere in R^d such that all coordinates are # positive hypercube_vol = self._ref_val ** self.num_objectives pos_hypersphere_vol = ( math.pi ** (self.num_objectives / 2) / gamma(self.num_objectives / 2 + 1) / 2 ** self.num_objectives ) return hypercube_vol - pos_hypersphere_vol
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: X_m = X[..., -self.k :] g_X = (X_m - 0.5).pow(2).sum(dim=-1) g_X_plus1 = 1 + g_X fs = [] pi_over_2 = math.pi / 2 for i in range(self.num_objectives): idx = self.num_objectives - 1 - i f_i = g_X_plus1.clone() f_i *= torch.cos(X[..., :idx] * pi_over_2).prod(dim=-1) if i > 0: f_i *= torch.sin(X[..., idx] * pi_over_2) fs.append(f_i) return torch.stack(fs, dim=-1)
[docs] def gen_pareto_front(self, n: int) -> Tensor: r"""Generate `n` pareto optimal points. The pareto points are randomly sampled from the hypersphere's positive section. """ f_X = sample_hypersphere( n=n, d=self.num_objectives, dtype=self.ref_point.dtype, device=self.ref_point.device, qmc=True, ).abs() if self.negate: f_X *= -1 return f_X
[docs]class DTLZ3(DTLZ2): r"""DTLZ3 test problem. d-dimensional problem evaluated on `[0, 1]^d`: f_0(x) = (1 + g(x)) * cos(x_0 * pi / 2) f_1(x) = (1 + g(x)) * sin(x_0 * pi / 2) g(x) = 100 * [k + \sum_{i=m}^{n-1} (x_i - 0.5)^2 - cos(20 * pi * (x_i - 0.5))] `g(x)` introduces (`3k−1`) local Pareto fronts that are parallel to the one global Pareto-optimal front. The global Pareto-optimal front corresponds to x_i = 0.5 for x_i in X_m. """ _ref_val = 10000.0
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: X_m = X[..., -self.k :] g_X = 100 * ( X_m.shape[-1] + ((X_m - 0.5).pow(2) - torch.cos(20 * math.pi * (X_m - 0.5))).sum(dim=-1) ) g_X_plus1 = 1 + g_X fs = [] pi_over_2 = math.pi / 2 for i in range(self.num_objectives): idx = self.num_objectives - 1 - i f_i = g_X_plus1.clone() f_i *= torch.cos(X[..., :idx] * pi_over_2).prod(dim=-1) if i > 0: f_i *= torch.sin(X[..., idx] * pi_over_2) fs.append(f_i) return torch.stack(fs, dim=-1)
[docs]class DTLZ4(DTLZ2): r"""DTLZ4 test problem. This is the same as DTLZ2, but with alpha=100 as the exponent, resulting in dense solutions near the f_M-f_1 plane. The global Pareto-optimal front corresponds to x_i = 0.5 for x_i in X_m. """ _alpha = 100.0
[docs]class DTLZ5(DTLZ): r"""DTLZ5 test problem. d-dimensional problem evaluated on `[0, 1]^d`: f_0(x) = (1 + g(x)) * cos(theta_0 * pi / 2) f_1(x) = (1 + g(x)) * sin(theta_0 * pi / 2) theta_i = pi / (4 * (1 + g(X_m)) * (1 + 2 * g(X_m) * x_i)) for i = 1, ... , M-2 g(x) = \sum_{i=m}^{d-1} (x_i - 0.5)^2 The global Pareto-optimal front corresponds to x_i = 0.5 for x_i in X_m. """ _ref_val = 10.0
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: X_m = X[..., -self.k :] X_ = X[..., : -self.k] g_X = (X_m - 0.5).pow(2).sum(dim=-1) theta = 1 / (2 * (1 + g_X.unsqueeze(-1))) * (1 + 2 * g_X.unsqueeze(-1) * X_) theta = torch.cat([X[..., :1], theta[..., 1:]], dim=-1) fs = [] pi_over_2 = math.pi / 2 g_X_plus1 = g_X + 1 for i in range(self.num_objectives): f_i = g_X_plus1.clone() f_i *= torch.cos(theta[..., : theta.shape[-1] - i] * pi_over_2).prod(dim=-1) if i > 0: f_i *= torch.sin(theta[..., theta.shape[-1] - i] * pi_over_2) fs.append(f_i) return torch.stack(fs, dim=-1)
[docs]class DTLZ7(DTLZ): r"""DTLZ7 test problem. d-dimensional problem evaluated on `[0, 1]^d`: f_0(x) = x_0 f_1(x) = x_1 ... f_{M-1}(x) = (1 + g(X_m)) * h(f_0, f_1, ..., f_{M-2}, g, x) h(f_0, f_1, ..., f_{M-2}, g, x) = M - sum_{i=0}^{M-2} f_i(x)/(1+g(x)) * (1 + sin(3 * pi * f_i(x))) This test problem has 2M-1 disconnected Pareto-optimal regions in the search space. The pareto frontier corresponds to X_m = 0. """ _ref_val = 15.0
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X): f = [] for i in range(0, self.num_objectives - 1): f.append(X[..., i]) f = torch.stack(f, dim=-1) g_X = 1 + 9 / self.k * torch.sum(X[..., -self.k :], dim=-1) h = self.num_objectives - torch.sum( f / (1 + g_X.unsqueeze(-1)) * (1 + torch.sin(3 * math.pi * f)), dim=-1 ) return torch.cat([f, ((1 + g_X) * h).unsqueeze(-1)], dim=-1)
[docs]class GMM(MultiObjectiveTestProblem): r"""A test problem where each objective is a Gaussian mixture model. This implementation is adapted from the single objective version (proposed by [Frohlich2020]_) at https://github.com/boschresearch/NoisyInputEntropySearch/blob/master/ core/util/objectives.py. See [Daulton2022]_ for details on this multi-objective problem. """ dim = 2 _bounds = [(0.0, 1.0), (0.0, 1.0)] def __init__( self, noise_std: Optional[float] = None, negate: bool = False, num_objectives: int = 2, ) -> None: r"""Constructor. Args: noise_std: Standard deviation of the observation noise. negate: If True, negate the objectives. num_objectives: The number of objectives. """ if num_objectives not in (2, 3, 4): raise UnsupportedError("GMM only currently supports 2 to 4 objectives.") self._ref_point = [-0.2338, -0.2211] if num_objectives > 2: self._ref_point.append(-0.5180) if num_objectives > 3: self._ref_point.append(-0.1866) self.num_objectives = num_objectives super().__init__(noise_std=noise_std, negate=negate) gmm_pos = torch.tensor( [ [[0.2, 0.2], [0.8, 0.2], [0.5, 0.7]], [[0.07, 0.2], [0.4, 0.8], [0.85, 0.1]], ] ) gmm_var = torch.tensor([[0.20, 0.10, 0.10], [0.2, 0.1, 0.05]]).pow(2) gmm_norm = 2 * pi * gmm_var * torch.tensor([0.5, 0.7, 0.7]) if num_objectives > 2: gmm_pos = torch.cat( [gmm_pos, torch.tensor([[[0.08, 0.21], [0.45, 0.75], [0.86, 0.11]]])], dim=0, ) gmm_var = torch.cat( [gmm_var, torch.tensor([[0.2, 0.1, 0.07]]).pow(2)], dim=0 ) gmm_norm = torch.cat( [ gmm_norm, 2 * pi * gmm_var[2] * torch.tensor([[0.5, 0.7, 0.9]]), ], dim=0, ) if num_objectives > 3: gmm_pos = torch.cat( [gmm_pos, torch.tensor([[[0.09, 0.19], [0.44, 0.72], [0.89, 0.13]]])], dim=0, ) gmm_var = torch.cat( [gmm_var, torch.tensor([[0.15, 0.07, 0.09]]).pow(2)], dim=0 ) gmm_norm = torch.cat( [ gmm_norm, 2 * pi * gmm_var[3] * torch.tensor([[0.5, 0.7, 0.9]]), ], dim=0, ) gmm_covar = gmm_var.view(*gmm_var.shape, 1, 1) * torch.eye( 2, dtype=gmm_var.dtype, device=gmm_var.device ) self.register_buffer("gmm_pos", gmm_pos) self.register_buffer("gmm_covar", gmm_covar) self.register_buffer("gmm_norm", gmm_norm)
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: r"""Evaluate the GMMs.""" # This needs to be reinstantiated because MVN apparently does not # have a `to` method to make it device/dtype agnostic. mvn = MultivariateNormal(loc=self.gmm_pos, covariance_matrix=self.gmm_covar) view_shape = ( X.shape[:-1] + torch.Size([1] * (self.gmm_pos.ndim - 1)) + self.gmm_pos.shape[-1:] ) expand_shape = X.shape[:-1] + self.gmm_pos.shape pdf_X = mvn.log_prob(X.view(view_shape).expand(expand_shape)).exp() # Multiply by -1 to make this a minimization problem by default return -(self.gmm_norm * pdf_X).sum(dim=-1)
[docs]class Penicillin(MultiObjectiveTestProblem): r"""A penicillin production simulator from [Liang2021]_. This implementation is adapted from https://github.com/HarryQL/TuRBO-Penicillin. The goal is to maximize the penicillin yield while minimizing time to ferment and the CO2 byproduct. The function is defined for minimization of all objectives. The reference point was set using the `infer_reference_point` heuristic on the Pareto frontier over a large discrete set of random designs. """ dim = 7 num_objectives = 3 _bounds = [ (60.0, 120.0), (0.05, 18.0), (293.0, 303.0), (0.05, 18.0), (0.01, 0.5), (500.0, 700.0), (5.0, 6.5), ] _ref_point = [1.85, 86.93, 514.70] Y_xs = 0.45 Y_ps = 0.90 K_1 = 10 ** (-10) K_2 = 7 * 10 ** (-5) m_X = 0.014 alpha_1 = 0.143 alpha_2 = 4 * 10 ** (-7) alpha_3 = 10 ** (-4) mu_X = 0.092 K_X = 0.15 mu_p = 0.005 K_p = 0.0002 K_I = 0.10 K = 0.04 k_g = 7.0 * 10 ** 3 E_g = 5100.0 k_d = 10.0 ** 33 E_d = 50000.0 lambd = 2.5 * 10 ** (-4) T_v = 273.0 # Kelvin T_o = 373.0 R = 1.9872 # CAL/(MOL K) V_max = 180.0
[docs] @classmethod def penicillin_vectorized(cls, X_input: Tensor) -> Tensor: r"""Penicillin simulator, simplified and vectorized. The 7 input parameters are (in order): culture volume, biomass concentration, temperature, glucose concentration, substrate feed rate, substrate feed concentration, and H+ concentration. Args: X_input: A `n x 7`-dim tensor of inputs. Returns: An `n x 3`-dim tensor of (negative) penicillin yield, CO2 and time. """ V, X, T, S, F, s_f, H_ = torch.split(X_input, 1, -1) P, CO2 = torch.zeros_like(V), torch.zeros_like(V) H = torch.full_like(H_, 10.0).pow(-H_) active = torch.ones_like(V).bool() t_tensor = torch.full_like(V, 2500) for t in range(1, 2501): if active.sum() == 0: break F_loss = ( V[active] * cls.lambd * (torch.exp(5 * ((T[active] - cls.T_o) / (cls.T_v - cls.T_o))) - 1) ) dV_dt = F[active] - F_loss mu = ( (cls.mu_X / (1 + cls.K_1 / H[active] + H[active] / cls.K_2)) * (S[active] / (cls.K_X * X[active] + S[active])) * ( (cls.k_g * torch.exp(-cls.E_g / (cls.R * T[active]))) - (cls.k_d * torch.exp(-cls.E_d / (cls.R * T[active]))) ) ) dX_dt = mu * X[active] - (X[active] / V[active]) * dV_dt mu_pp = cls.mu_p * ( S[active] / (cls.K_p + S[active] + S[active].pow(2) / cls.K_I) ) dS_dt = ( -(mu / cls.Y_xs) * X[active] - (mu_pp / cls.Y_ps) * X[active] - cls.m_X * X[active] + F[active] * s_f[active] / V[active] - (S[active] / V[active]) * dV_dt ) dP_dt = ( (mu_pp * X[active]) - cls.K * P[active] - (P[active] / V[active]) * dV_dt ) dCO2_dt = cls.alpha_1 * dX_dt + cls.alpha_2 * X[active] + cls.alpha_3 # UPDATE P[active] = P[active] + dP_dt # Penicillin concentration V[active] = V[active] + dV_dt # Culture medium volume X[active] = X[active] + dX_dt # Biomass concentration S[active] = S[active] + dS_dt # Glucose concentration CO2[active] = CO2[active] + dCO2_dt # CO2 concentration # Update active indices full_dpdt = torch.ones_like(P) full_dpdt[active] = dP_dt inactive = (V > cls.V_max) + (S < 0) + (full_dpdt < 10e-12) t_tensor[inactive] = torch.minimum( t_tensor[inactive], torch.full_like(t_tensor[inactive], t) ) active[inactive] = 0 return torch.stack([-P, CO2, t_tensor], dim=-1)
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: # This uses in-place operations. Hence, the clone is to avoid modifying # the original X in-place. return self.penicillin_vectorized(X.view(-1, self.dim).clone()).view( *X.shape[:-1], self.num_objectives )
[docs]class ToyRobust(MultiObjectiveTestProblem): r"""A 1D problem where the Pareto frontier is sensitive to input noise. Specifically, the pareto frontier over the nominal objectives is sensitive to input noise. The first objective is a mixture of a linear function and a sinusoidal function, and the second objective is a modified Levy function, where the second parameter is fixed. This function comes from [Daulton2022]_. The reference point was set using the `infer_reference_point` heuristic on the Pareto frontier over a large discrete set of random designs. """ dim = 1 _bounds = [(0.0, 0.7)] _ref_point = [-6.1397, -8.1942] num_objectives = 2 levy = Levy()
[docs] def f_1(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: p1 = 2.4 - 10 * X - 0.1 * X.pow(2) p2 = 2 * X - 0.1 * X.pow(2) smoother = (X - 0.5).pow(2) + torch.sin(30 * X) * 0.1 x_mask = torch.sigmoid((0.2 - X) / 0.005) return -(p1 * x_mask + p2 * (1 - x_mask) + smoother) * 30 + 30
[docs] def f_2(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: X = torch.cat( [X, torch.zeros_like(X)], dim=-1, ) # Cut out the first part of the function. X = X * 0.95 + 0.03 X = unnormalize(X, self.levy.bounds.to(X)) Y = self.levy(X).unsqueeze(-1) Y -= X[..., :1].pow(2) * 0.75 return Y
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: return -torch.cat([self.f_1(X), self.f_2(X)], dim=-1)
[docs]class VehicleSafety(MultiObjectiveTestProblem): r"""Optimize Vehicle crash-worthiness. See [Tanabe2020]_ for details. The reference point is 1.1 * the nadir point from approximate front provided by [Tanabe2020]_. The maximum hypervolume is computed using the approximate pareto front from [Tanabe2020]_. """ _ref_point = [1864.72022, 11.81993945, 0.2903999384] _max_hv = 246.81607081187002 _bounds = [(1.0, 3.0)] * 5 dim = 5 num_objectives = 3
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 = torch.split(X, 1, -1) f1 = ( 1640.2823 + 2.3573285 * X1 + 2.3220035 * X2 + 4.5688768 * X3 + 7.7213633 * X4 + 4.4559504 * X5 ) f2 = ( 6.5856 + 1.15 * X1 - 1.0427 * X2 + 0.9738 * X3 + 0.8364 * X4 - 0.3695 * X1 * X4 + 0.0861 * X1 * X5 + 0.3628 * X2 * X4 - 0.1106 * X1.pow(2) - 0.3437 * X3.pow(2) + 0.1764 * X4.pow(2) ) f3 = ( -0.0551 + 0.0181 * X1 + 0.1024 * X2 + 0.0421 * X3 - 0.0073 * X1 * X2 + 0.024 * X2 * X3 - 0.0118 * X2 * X4 - 0.0204 * X3 * X4 - 0.008 * X3 * X5 - 0.0241 * X2.pow(2) + 0.0109 * X4.pow(2) ) f_X = torch.cat([f1, f2, f3], dim=-1) return f_X
[docs]class ZDT(MultiObjectiveTestProblem): r"""Base class for ZDT problems. See [Zitzler2000]_ for more details on ZDT. """ _ref_point = [11.0, 11.0] def __init__( self, dim: int, num_objectives: int = 2, noise_std: Optional[float] = None, negate: bool = False, ) -> None: if num_objectives != 2: raise NotImplementedError( f"{type(self).__name__} currently only supports 2 objectives." ) if dim < num_objectives: raise ValueError( f"dim must be >= num_objectives, but got {dim} and {num_objectives}" ) self.num_objectives = num_objectives self.dim = dim self._bounds = [(0.0, 1.0) for _ in range(self.dim)] super().__init__(noise_std=noise_std, negate=negate) @staticmethod def _g(X: Tensor) -> Tensor: return 1 + 9 * X[..., 1:].mean(dim=-1)
[docs]class ZDT1(ZDT): r"""ZDT1 test problem. d-dimensional problem evaluated on `[0, 1]^d`: f_0(x) = x_0 f_1(x) = g(x) * (1 - sqrt(x_0 / g(x)) g(x) = 1 + 9 / (d - 1) * \sum_{i=1}^{d-1} x_i The reference point comes from [Yang2019a]_. The pareto front is convex. """ _max_hv = 120 + 2 / 3
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: f_0 = X[..., 0] g = self._g(X=X) f_1 = g * (1 - (f_0 / g).sqrt()) return torch.stack([f_0, f_1], dim=-1)
[docs] def gen_pareto_front(self, n: int) -> Tensor: f_0 = torch.linspace( 0, 1, n, dtype=self.bounds.dtype, device=self.bounds.device ) f_1 = 1 - f_0.sqrt() f_X = torch.stack([f_0, f_1], dim=-1) if self.negate: f_X *= -1 return f_X
[docs]class ZDT2(ZDT): r"""ZDT2 test problem. d-dimensional problem evaluated on `[0, 1]^d`: f_0(x) = x_0 f_1(x) = g(x) * (1 - (x_0 / g(x))^2) g(x) = 1 + 9 / (d - 1) * \sum_{i=1}^{d-1} x_i The reference point comes from [Yang2019a]_. The pareto front is concave. """ _max_hv = 120 + 1 / 3
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: f_0 = X[..., 0] g = self._g(X=X) f_1 = g * (1 - (f_0 / g).pow(2)) return torch.stack([f_0, f_1], dim=-1)
[docs] def gen_pareto_front(self, n: int) -> Tensor: f_0 = torch.linspace( 0, 1, n, dtype=self.bounds.dtype, device=self.bounds.device ) f_1 = 1 - f_0.pow(2) f_X = torch.stack([f_0, f_1], dim=-1) if self.negate: f_X *= -1 return f_X
[docs]class ZDT3(ZDT): r"""ZDT3 test problem. d-dimensional problem evaluated on `[0, 1]^d`: f_0(x) = x_0 f_1(x) = 1 - sqrt(x_0 / g(x)) - x_0 / g * sin(10 * pi * x_0) g(x) = 1 + 9 / (d - 1) * \sum_{i=1}^{d-1} x_i The reference point comes from [Yang2019a]_. The pareto front consists of several discontinuous convex parts. """ _max_hv = 128.77811613069076060 _parts = [ # this interval includes both end points [0, 0.0830015349], # this interval includes only the right end points [0.1822287280, 0.2577623634], [0.4093136748, 0.4538821041], [0.6183967944, 0.6525117038], [0.8233317983, 0.8518328654], ] # nugget to make sure linspace returns elements within the specified range _eps = 1e-6
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: f_0 = X[..., 0] g = self._g(X=X) f_1 = 1 - (f_0 / g).sqrt() - f_0 / g * torch.sin(10 * math.pi * f_0) return torch.stack([f_0, f_1], dim=-1)
[docs] def gen_pareto_front(self, n: int) -> Tensor: n_parts = len(self._parts) n_per_part = torch.full( torch.Size([n_parts]), n // n_parts, dtype=torch.long, device=self.bounds.device, ) left_over = n % n_parts n_per_part[:left_over] += 1 f_0s = [] for i, p in enumerate(self._parts): left, right = p f_0s.append( torch.linspace( left + self._eps, right - self._eps, n_per_part[i], dtype=self.bounds.dtype, device=self.bounds.device, ) ) f_0 = torch.cat(f_0s, dim=0) f_1 = 1 - f_0.sqrt() - f_0 * torch.sin(10 * math.pi * f_0) f_X = torch.stack([f_0, f_1], dim=-1) if self.negate: f_X *= -1 return f_X
[docs]class CarSideImpact(MultiObjectiveTestProblem): r"""Car side impact problem. See [Tanabe2020]_ for details. The reference point is `nadir + 0.1 * (ideal - nadir)` where the ideal and nadir points come from the approximate Pareto frontier from [Tanabe2020]_. The max_hv was computed based on the approximate Pareto frontier from [Tanabe2020]_. """ num_objectives: int = 4 dim: int = 7 _bounds = [ (0.5, 1.5), (0.45, 1.35), (0.5, 1.5), (0.5, 1.5), (0.875, 2.625), (0.4, 1.2), (0.4, 1.2), ] _ref_point = [45.4872, 4.5114, 13.3394, 10.3942] _max_hv = 484.72654347642793
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7 = torch.split(X, 1, -1) f1 = ( 1.98 + 4.9 * X1 + 6.67 * X2 + 6.98 * X3 + 4.01 * X4 + 1.78 * X5 + 10 ** -5 * X6 + 2.73 * X7 ) f2 = 4.72 - 0.5 * X4 - 0.19 * X2 * X3 V_MBP = 10.58 - 0.674 * X1 * X2 - 0.67275 * X2 V_FD = 16.45 - 0.489 * X3 * X7 - 0.843 * X5 * X6 f3 = 0.5 * (V_MBP + V_FD) g1 = 1 - 1.16 + 0.3717 * X2 * X4 + 0.0092928 * X3 g2 = ( 0.32 - 0.261 + 0.0159 * X1 * X2 + 0.06486 * X1 + 0.019 * X2 * X7 - 0.0144 * X3 * X5 - 0.0154464 * X6 ) g3 = ( 0.32 - 0.214 - 0.00817 * X5 + 0.045195 * X1 + 0.0135168 * X1 - 0.03099 * X2 * X6 + 0.018 * X2 * X7 - 0.007176 * X3 - 0.023232 * X3 + 0.00364 * X5 * X6 + 0.018 * X2.pow(2) ) g4 = 0.32 - 0.74 + 0.61 * X2 + 0.031296 * X3 + 0.031872 * X7 - 0.227 * X2.pow(2) g5 = 32 - 28.98 - 3.818 * X3 + 4.2 * X1 * X2 - 1.27296 * X6 + 2.68065 * X7 g6 = ( 32 - 33.86 - 2.95 * X3 + 5.057 * X1 * X2 + 3.795 * X2 + 3.4431 * X7 - 1.45728 ) g7 = 32 - 46.36 + 9.9 * X2 + 4.4505 * X1 g8 = 4 - f2 g9 = 9.9 - V_MBP g10 = 15.7 - V_FD g = torch.cat([g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6, g7, g8, g9, g10], dim=-1) zero = torch.tensor(0.0, dtype=X.dtype, device=X.device) g = torch.where(g < 0, -g, zero) f4 = g.sum(dim=-1, keepdim=True) return torch.cat([f1, f2, f3, f4], dim=-1)
# ------ Constrained Multi-Objective Test Problems ----- #
[docs]class BNH(MultiObjectiveTestProblem, ConstrainedBaseTestProblem): r"""The constrained BNH problem. See [GarridoMerchan2020]_ for more details on this problem. Note that this is a minimization problem. """ dim = 2 num_objectives = 2 num_constraints = 2 _bounds = [(0.0, 5.0), (0.0, 3.0)] _ref_point = [0.0, 0.0] # TODO: Determine proper reference point
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: return torch.stack( [4.0 * (X ** 2).sum(dim=-1), ((X - 5.0) ** 2).sum(dim=-1)], dim=-1 )
[docs] def evaluate_slack_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: c1 = 25.0 - (X[..., 0] - 5.0) ** 2 - X[..., 1] ** 2 c2 = (X[..., 0] - 8.0) ** 2 + (X[..., 1] + 3.0) ** 2 - 7.7 return torch.stack([c1, c2], dim=-1)
[docs]class CONSTR(MultiObjectiveTestProblem, ConstrainedBaseTestProblem): r"""The constrained CONSTR problem. See [GarridoMerchan2020]_ for more details on this problem. Note that this is a minimization problem. """ dim = 2 num_objectives = 2 num_constraints = 2 _bounds = [(0.1, 10.0), (0.0, 5.0)] _ref_point = [10.0, 10.0]
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: obj1 = X[..., 0] obj2 = (1.0 + X[..., 1]) / X[..., 0] return torch.stack([obj1, obj2], dim=-1)
[docs] def evaluate_slack_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: c1 = 9.0 * X[..., 0] + X[..., 1] - 6.0 c2 = 9.0 * X[..., 0] - X[..., 1] - 1.0 return torch.stack([c1, c2], dim=-1)
[docs]class ConstrainedBraninCurrin(BraninCurrin, ConstrainedBaseTestProblem): r"""Constrained Branin Currin Function. This uses the disk constraint from [Gelbart2014]_. """ dim = 2 num_objectives = 2 num_constraints = 1 _bounds = [(0.0, 1.0), (0.0, 1.0)] _con_bounds = [(-5.0, 10.0), (0.0, 15.0)] _ref_point = [80.0, 12.0] _max_hv = 608.4004237022673 # from NSGA-II with 90k evaluations def __init__(self, noise_std: Optional[float] = None, negate: bool = False) -> None: super().__init__(noise_std=noise_std, negate=negate) con_bounds = torch.tensor(self._con_bounds, dtype=torch.float).transpose(-1, -2) self.register_buffer("con_bounds", con_bounds)
[docs] def evaluate_slack_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: X_tf = unnormalize(X, self.con_bounds) return 50 - (X_tf[..., 0:1] - 2.5).pow(2) - (X_tf[..., 1:2] - 7.5).pow(2)
[docs]class C2DTLZ2(DTLZ2, ConstrainedBaseTestProblem): num_constraints = 1 _r = 0.2 # approximate from nsga-ii, TODO: replace with analytic _max_hv = 0.3996406303723544
[docs] def evaluate_slack_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: if X.ndim > 2: raise NotImplementedError("Batch X is not supported.") f_X = self.evaluate_true(X) term1 = (f_X - 1).pow(2) mask = ~(torch.eye(f_X.shape[-1], device=f_X.device).bool()) indices = torch.arange(f_X.shape[1], device=f_X.device).repeat(f_X.shape[1], 1) indexer = indices[mask].view(f_X.shape[1], f_X.shape[-1] - 1) term2_inner = ( f_X.unsqueeze(1) .expand(f_X.shape[0], f_X.shape[-1], f_X.shape[-1]) .gather(dim=-1, index=indexer.repeat(f_X.shape[0], 1, 1)) ) term2 = (term2_inner.pow(2) - self._r ** 2).sum(dim=-1) min1 = (term1 + term2).min(dim=-1).values min2 = ((f_X - 1 / math.sqrt(f_X.shape[-1])).pow(2) - self._r ** 2).sum(dim=-1) return -torch.min(min1, min2).unsqueeze(-1)
[docs]class DiscBrake(MultiObjectiveTestProblem, ConstrainedBaseTestProblem): r"""The Disc Brake problem. There are 2 objectives and 4 constraints. Both objectives should be minimized. See [Tanabe2020]_ for details. The reference point was set using the `infer_reference_point` heuristic on the Pareto frontier over a large discrete set of random designs. """ dim = 4 num_objectives = 2 num_constraints = 4 _bounds = [(55.0, 80.0), (75.0, 110.0), (1000.0, 3000.0), (11.0, 20.0)] _ref_point = [5.7771, 3.9651]
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: f = torch.zeros( *X.shape[:-1], self.num_objectives, dtype=X.dtype, device=X.device ) X1, X2, X3, X4 = torch.split(X, 1, -1) sq_diff = X2.pow(2) - X1.pow(2) f[..., :1] = 4.9 * 1e-5 * sq_diff * (X4 - 1.0) f[..., 1:] = (9.82 * 1e6) * sq_diff / (X3 * X4 * (X2.pow(3) - X1.pow(3))) return f
[docs] def evaluate_slack_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: g = torch.zeros( *X.shape[:-1], self.num_constraints, dtype=X.dtype, device=X.device ) X1, X2, X3, X4 = torch.split(X, 1, -1) sq_diff = X2.pow(2) - X1.pow(2) cub_diff = X2.pow(3) - X1.pow(3) g[..., :1] = X2 - X1 - 20.0 g[..., 1:2] = 0.4 - X3 / (3.14 * sq_diff) g[..., 2:3] = 1.0 - (2.22 * 1e-3 * X3 * cub_diff) / sq_diff.pow(2) g[..., 3:] = (2.66 * 1e-2 * X3 * X4 * cub_diff) / sq_diff - 900.0 return g
[docs]class MW7(MultiObjectiveTestProblem, ConstrainedBaseTestProblem): r"""The MW7 problem. This problem has 2 objectives, 2 constraints, and a disconnected Pareto frontier. It supports arbitrary input dimension > 1. See [Ma2019]_ for details. This implementation is adapted from: https://github.com/anyoptimization/pymoo/blob/master/pymoo/problems/multi/mw.py """ num_constraints = 2 num_objectives = 2 _ref_point = [1.2, 1.2] def __init__( self, dim: int, noise_std: Optional[float] = None, negate: bool = False, ) -> None: if dim < 2: raise ValueError("dim must be greater than or equal to 2.") self.dim = dim self._bounds = [(0.0, 1.0) for _ in range(self.dim)] super().__init__(noise_std=noise_std, negate=negate)
[docs] def LA2(self, A, B, C, D, theta): return A * torch.sin(B * theta.pow(C)).pow(D)
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: a = X[..., :-1] - 0.5 contrib = 2 * (X[..., 1:] + a.pow(2) - 1).pow(2) g = 1 + contrib.sum(dim=-1) f0 = g * X[..., 0] f1 = g * torch.sqrt(1 - (f0 / g).pow(2)) return torch.stack([f0, f1], dim=-1)
[docs] def evaluate_slack_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: ff = self.evaluate_true(X) f0, f1 = ff[..., 0], ff[..., 1] atan = torch.arctan(f1 / f0) g0 = ( f0.pow(2) + f1.pow(2) - (1.2 + (self.LA2(0.4, 4.0, 1.0, 16.0, atan)).abs()).pow(2) ) g1 = (1.15 - self.LA2(0.2, 4.0, 1.0, 8.0, atan)).pow(2) - f0.pow(2) - f1.pow(2) return -torch.stack([g0, g1], dim=-1)
[docs]class OSY(MultiObjectiveTestProblem, ConstrainedBaseTestProblem): r""" The OSY test problem from [Oszycka1995]_. Implementation from https://github.com/msu-coinlab/pymoo/blob/master/pymoo/problems/multi/osy.py Note that this implementation assumes minimization, so please choose negate=True. """ dim = 6 num_constraints = 6 num_objectives = 2 _bounds = [ (0.0, 10.0), (0.0, 10.0), (1.0, 5.0), (0.0, 6.0), (1.0, 5.0), (0.0, 10.0), ] _ref_point = [-75.0, 75.0]
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: f1 = -( 25 * (X[..., 0] - 2) ** 2 + (X[..., 1] - 2) ** 2 + (X[..., 2] - 1) ** 2 + (X[..., 3] - 4) ** 2 + (X[..., 4] - 1) ** 2 ) f2 = (X ** 2).sum(-1) return torch.stack([f1, f2], dim=-1)
[docs] def evaluate_slack_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: g1 = X[..., 0] + X[..., 1] - 2.0 g2 = 6.0 - X[..., 0] - X[..., 1] g3 = 2.0 - X[..., 1] + X[..., 0] g4 = 2.0 - X[..., 0] + 3.0 * X[..., 1] g5 = 4.0 - (X[..., 2] - 3.0) ** 2 - X[..., 3] g6 = (X[..., 4] - 3.0) ** 2 + X[..., 5] - 4.0 return torch.stack([g1, g2, g3, g4, g5, g6], dim=-1)
[docs]class SRN(MultiObjectiveTestProblem, ConstrainedBaseTestProblem): r"""The constrained SRN problem. See [GarridoMerchan2020]_ for more details on this problem. Note that this is a minimization problem. """ dim = 2 num_objectives = 2 num_constraints = 2 _bounds = [(-20.0, 20.0), (-20.0, 20.0)] _ref_point = [0.0, 0.0] # TODO: Determine proper reference point
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: obj1 = 2.0 + ((X - 2.0) ** 2).sum(dim=-1) obj2 = 9.0 * X[..., 0] - (X[..., 1] - 1.0) ** 2 return torch.stack([obj1, obj2], dim=-1)
[docs] def evaluate_slack_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: c1 = 225.0 - ((X ** 2) ** 2).sum(dim=-1) c2 = -10.0 - X[..., 0] + 3 * X[..., 1] return torch.stack([c1, c2], dim=-1)
[docs]class WeldedBeam(MultiObjectiveTestProblem, ConstrainedBaseTestProblem): r""" The Welded Beam test problem. Implementation from https://github.com/msu-coinlab/pymoo/blob/master/pymoo/problems/multi/welded_beam.py Note that this implementation assumes minimization, so please choose negate=True. """ dim = 4 num_constraints = 4 num_objectives = 2 _bounds = [ (0.125, 5.0), (0.1, 10.0), (0.1, 10.0), (0.125, 5.0), ] _ref_point = [40, 0.015]
[docs] def evaluate_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: f1 = 1.10471 * X[..., 0] ** 2 * X[..., 1] + 0.04811 * X[..., 2] * X[..., 3] * ( 14.0 + X[..., 1] ) f2 = 2.1952 / (X[..., 3] * X[..., 2] ** 3) return torch.stack([f1, f2], dim=-1)
[docs] def evaluate_slack_true(self, X: Tensor) -> Tensor: P = 6000 L = 14 t_max = 13600 s_max = 30000 R = torch.sqrt(0.25 * (X[..., 1] ** 2 + (X[..., 0] + X[..., 2]) ** 2)) M = P * (L + X[..., 1] / 2) J = ( 2 * math.sqrt(0.5) * X[..., 0] * X[..., 1] * (X[..., 1] ** 2 / 12 + 0.25 * (X[..., 0] + X[..., 2]) ** 2) ) t1 = P / (math.sqrt(2) * X[..., 0] * X[..., 1]) t2 = M * R / J t = torch.sqrt(t1 ** 2 + t2 ** 2 + t1 * t2 * X[..., 1] / R) s = 6 * P * L / (X[..., 3] * X[..., 2] ** 2) P_c = 64746.022 * (1 - 0.0282346 * X[..., 2]) * X[..., 2] * X[..., 3] ** 3 g1 = (1 / t_max) * (t - t_max) g2 = (1 / s_max) * (s - s_max) g3 = (1 / (5 - 0.125)) * (X[..., 0] - X[..., 3]) g4 = (1 / P) * (P - P_c) return -torch.stack([g1, g2, g3, g4], dim=-1)