Source code for botorch.optim.parameter_constraints

#!/usr/bin/env python3

# Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved

r"""
Utility functions for constrained optimization.
"""

from functools import partial
from typing import Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import numpy as np
import torch
from scipy.optimize import Bounds
from torch import Tensor

from ..exceptions.errors import UnsupportedError


ScipyConstraintDict = Dict[
    str, Union[str, Callable[[np.ndarray], float], Callable[[np.ndarray], np.ndarray]]
]


[docs]def make_scipy_bounds( X: Tensor, lower_bounds: Optional[Union[float, Tensor]] = None, upper_bounds: Optional[Union[float, Tensor]] = None, ) -> Optional[Bounds]: r"""Creates a scipy Bounds object for optimziation Args: X: `... x d` tensor lower_bounds: Lower bounds on each column (last dimension) of `X`. If this is a single float, then all columns have the same bound. upper_bounds: Lower bounds on each column (last dimension) of `X`. If this is a single float, then all columns have the same bound. Returns: A scipy `Bounds` object if either lower_bounds or upper_bounds is not None, and None otherwise. Example: >>> X = torch.rand(5, 2) >>> scipy_bounds = make_scipy_bounds(X, 0.1, 0.8) """ if lower_bounds is None and upper_bounds is None: return None def _expand(bounds: Union[float, Tensor], X: Tensor, lower: bool) -> Tensor: if bounds is None: ebounds = torch.full_like(X, float("-inf" if lower else "inf")) else: if not torch.is_tensor(bounds): bounds = torch.tensor(bounds) ebounds = bounds.expand_as(X) return _arrayify(ebounds).flatten() lb = _expand(bounds=lower_bounds, X=X, lower=True) ub = _expand(bounds=upper_bounds, X=X, lower=False) return Bounds(lb=lb, ub=ub, keep_feasible=True)
[docs]def make_scipy_linear_constraints( shapeX: torch.Size, inequality_constraints: Optional[List[Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, float]]] = None, equality_constraints: Optional[List[Tuple[Tensor, Tensor, float]]] = None, ) -> List[ScipyConstraintDict]: r"""Generate scipy constraints from torch representation. Args: shapeX: The shape of the torch.Tensor to optimize over (i.e. `b x q x d`) inequality constraints: A list of tuples (indices, coefficients, rhs), with each tuple encoding an inequality constraint of the form `\sum_i (X[indices[i]] * coefficients[i]) >= rhs`, where `indices` is a single-dimensional index tensor (long dtype) containing indices into the last dimension of `X`, `coefficients` is a single-dimensional tensor of coefficients of the same length, and rhs is a scalar. equality constraints: A list of tuples (indices, coefficients, rhs), with each tuple encoding an inequality constraint of the form `\sum_i (X[indices[i]] * coefficients[i]) == rhs` (with `indices` and `coefficients` of the same form as in `inequality_constraints`). Returns: A list of dictionaries containing callables for constraint function values and Jacobians and a string indicating the associated constraint type ("eq", "ineq"), as expected by `scipy.minimize`. This function assumes that constraints are the same for each input batch, and broadcasts the constraints accordingly to the input batch shape. This function does support constraints across elements of a q-batch if the indices are a 2-d Tensor. Example: The following will enforce that `x[1] + 0.5 x[3] >= -0.1` for each `x` in both elements of the q-batch, and each of the 3 t-batches: >>> constraints = make_scipy_linear_constraints( >>> torch.Size([3, 2, 4]), >>> [(torch.tensor([1, 3]), torch.tensor([1.0, 0.5]), -0.1)], >>> ) The following will enforce that `x[0, 1] + 0.5 x[1, 3] >= -0.1` where x[0, :] is the first element of the q-batch and x[1, :] is the second element of the q-batch, for each of the 3 t-batches: >>> constraints = make_scipy_linear_constraints( >>> torch.size([3, 2, 4]) >>> [(torch.tensor([[0, 1], [1, 3]), torch.tensor([1.0, 0.5]), -0.1)], >>> ) """ constraints = [] if inequality_constraints is not None: for indcs, coeffs, rhs in inequality_constraints: constraints += _make_linear_constraints( indices=indcs, coefficients=coeffs, rhs=rhs, shapeX=shapeX, eq=False ) if equality_constraints is not None: for indcs, coeffs, rhs in equality_constraints: constraints += _make_linear_constraints( indices=indcs, coefficients=coeffs, rhs=rhs, shapeX=shapeX, eq=True ) return constraints
[docs]def eval_lin_constraint( x: np.ndarray, flat_idxr: List[int], coeffs: np.ndarray, rhs: float ) -> np.float64: r"""Evaluate a single linear constraint. Args: x: The input array. flat_idxr: The indices in `x` to consider. coeffs: The coefficients corresponding to the indices. rhs: The right-hand-side of the constraint. Returns: The evaluted constraint: `\sum_i (coeffs[i] * x[i]) - rhs` """ return np.sum(x[flat_idxr] * coeffs, -1) - rhs
[docs]def lin_constraint_jac( x: np.ndarray, flat_idxr: List[int], coeffs: np.ndarray, n: int ) -> np.ndarray: r"""Return the Jacobian associated with a linear constraint. Args: x: The input array. flat_idxr: The indices for the elements of x that appear in the constraint. coeffs: The coefficients corresponding to the indices. n: number of elements Returns: The Jacobian. """ # TODO: Use sparse representation (not sure if scipy optim supports that) jac = np.zeros(n) jac[flat_idxr] = coeffs return jac
def _arrayify(X: Tensor) -> np.ndarray: r"""Convert a torch.Tensor (any dtype or device) to a numpy (double) array. Args: X: The input tensor. Returns: A numpy array of double dtype with the same shape and data as `X`. """ return X.cpu().detach().contiguous().double().clone().numpy() def _make_linear_constraints( indices: Tensor, coefficients: Tensor, rhs: float, shapeX: torch.Size, eq: bool = False, ) -> List[ScipyConstraintDict]: r"""Create linear constraints to be used by `scipy.minimize`. Encodes constraints of the form `\sum_i (coefficients[i] * X[..., indices[i]]) ? rhs` where `?` can be designated either as `>=` by setting `eq=False`, or as `=` by setting `eq=True`. If indices is one-dimensional, the constraints are broadcasted across all elements of the q-batch. If indices is two-dimensional, then constraints are applied across elements of a q-batch. In either case, constraints are created for all t-batches. Args: indices: A tensor of shape `c` or `c x 2`, where c is the number of terms in the constraint. If single-dimensional, contains the indices of the dimensions of the feature space that occur in the linear constraint. If two-dimensional, contains pairs of indices of the q-batch (0) and the feature space (1) that occur in the linear constraint. coefficients: A single-dimensional tensor of coefficients with the same number of elements as `indices`. rhs: The right hand side of the constraint. shapeX: The shape of the torch tensor to construct the constraints for (i.e. `b x q x d`). Must have three dimensions. eq: If True, return an equality constraint, o/w return an inequality constraint (indicated by "eq" / "ineq" value of the `type` key). Returns: A list of constraint dictionaries with the following keys - "type": Indicates the type of the constraint ("eq" if `eq=True`, "ineq" o/w) - "fun": A callable evaluating the constraint value on `x`, a flattened version of the input tensor `X`, returning a scalar. - "jac": A callable evaluating the constraint's Jacobian on `x`, a flattened version of the input tensor `X`, returning a numpy array. """ if len(shapeX) != 3: raise UnsupportedError("`shapeX` must be `b x q x d`") q, d = shapeX[-2:] n = shapeX.numel() constraints: List[ScipyConstraintDict] = [] coeffs = _arrayify(coefficients) ctype = "eq" if eq else "ineq" if indices.dim() > 2: raise UnsupportedError( "Linear constraints supported only on individual candidates and " "across q-batches, not across general batch shapes." ) elif indices.dim() == 2: # indices has two dimensions (potential constraints across q-batch elements) if indices[:, 0].max() > q - 1: raise RuntimeError(f"Index out of bounds for {q}-batch") if indices[:, 1].max() > d - 1: raise RuntimeError(f"Index out of bounds for {d}-dim parameter tensor") offsets = [shapeX[i:].numel() for i in range(1, len(shapeX))] # rule is [i, j, k] is at # i * offsets[0] + j * offsets[1] + k for i in range(shapeX[0]): idxr = [] for a in indices: b = a.tolist() idxr.append(i * offsets[0] + b[0] * offsets[1] + b[1]) fun = partial( eval_lin_constraint, flat_idxr=idxr, coeffs=coeffs, rhs=float(rhs) ) jac = partial(lin_constraint_jac, flat_idxr=idxr, coeffs=coeffs, n=n) constraints.append({"type": ctype, "fun": fun, "jac": jac}) elif indices.dim() == 1: # indices is one-dim - broadcast constraints across q-batches and t-batches if indices.max() > d - 1: raise RuntimeError(f"Index out of bounds for {d}-dim parameter tensor") offsets = [shapeX[i:].numel() for i in range(1, len(shapeX))] for i in range(shapeX[0]): for j in range(shapeX[1]): idxr = (i * offsets[0] + j * offsets[1] + indices).tolist() fun = partial( eval_lin_constraint, flat_idxr=idxr, coeffs=coeffs, rhs=float(rhs) ) jac = partial(lin_constraint_jac, flat_idxr=idxr, coeffs=coeffs, n=n) constraints.append({"type": ctype, "fun": fun, "jac": jac}) else: raise ValueError("`indices` must be at least one-dimensional") return constraints